Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition

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5.2.1. Named Functions

A name can be given to a function in one of two ways. A global name can be given to a function by using the defun construct. A local name can be given to a function by using the flet or labels special form. When a function is named, a lambda-expression is effectively associated with that name along with information about the entities that are lexically apparent at that point. If a symbol appears as the first element of a function-call form, then it refers to the definition established by the innermost flet or labels construct that textually contains the reference, or to the global definition (if any) if there is no such containing construct.

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